United Grain Grower Case free essay sample

Joined Grain Grower Case Risk Management United Grain Grower Case Risk Management PREFACE United Green Growers (UGG) is an organization who offers business types of assistance to ranchers in Canada and markets farming items around the world. UGG attempted to separate itself from contenders by making items with brand names a d by giving on-going administrations to clients. During the last piece of the 1990s, some UGG’s directors began to scrutinize the allure of overseeing unadulterated hazard and money related hazard independently. UGG began by shaping a hazard the executives board, comprising of the CEO, CFO, chance chief, treasurer, consistence supervisor (for ware exchanging), and administrator of corporate review administrations. This advisory group, alongside various UGG workers, at that point met with an agent from Willis (hazard the executives expert) for a meeting to generate new ideas to distinguish the firm’s significant dangers. This procedure distinguished 47 presentation regions, from which six were picked for additional examination and evaluation. The six dangers were: 1. We will compose a custom article test on Joined Grain Grower Case or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Ecological obligation 2. The impact of climate on grain volume 3. Counterparty hazard (providers or clients not satisfying agreements) 4. Credit chance 5. Item hazard and premise chance 6. Stock Risk (harm to items in stock) The investigation directed by Willis Risk Solutions prompted the end that, of the six dangers initially distinguished, UGG’s principle wellspring of unmanaged chance was from the climate. As indicated by Willis research if climate hazard evacuated, UGG’s benefit would have been progressively steady: Having measured their presentation to climate chance, UGG needed to settle on some solution for it. They investigated a few alternatives: 1. Maintenance * Advantage: * No expense related with moving it to another person. * Disadvantages: * Higher credit loan cost. * UGG need to hold additional value capital as a pad against startling low incomes. * Suppliers and clients couldn't depend on for administration and top notch items because of precarious income 2. Climate subordinates * Advantage: * Zero misfortune if contract structure could consummately cover all the dangers

Paper on Abuse Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper on Abuse Reporting - Essay Example This paper will gracefully an outline of the kid detailing laws of the province of California. This paper will additionally talk about these laws comparable to my contemplations on privacy and the obligation to shield others from hurt. It will allude to moral measures of human assistance s experts and different codes of morals. The Office of Child Abuse and Prevention under the California Department of Social Services, is liable for executing the youngster misuse and disregard announcing law. As indicated by a Summit (1983), California instituted its first kid misuse announcing law in 1963. Prior laws ordered that physical maltreatment should just be accounted for by doctors. The meaning of youngster misuse has anyway been extended by the various alterations that have been occurring throughout the years. Laws have likewise explained the methods for announcing different classes of kid misuse (Summit, 1983). In California, there are sure experts who are required to report known cases or associated cases with kid misuse. Be that as it may, different residents who are not legally necessary to do so may likewise be permitted to do as such. Commanded reports and specialists should subsequently be kept refreshed on changes made to these laws every once in a while with the goal that they can be very much educated on what is expected of them under all conditions (Gil, 2001). The California laws on misuse announcing accommodate why detailing is important, what ought to be accounted for, who should report, when revealing ought to be done and to whom it ought to be finished. The laws additionally give methods of recognizing rates that should report and signs to pay special mind to realize when to report. There are rules to decide doubt of the different types of misuse, for example, physical maltreatment, sexual maltreatment, disregard and psychological mistreatment among others (Summit, 1983). Corresponding to my musings on classification and securing the privileges of others, I am of the conclusion that it

Appraches in Business Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appraches in Business Psychology - Essay Example It is impacted by understanding. To see that a cerebrum structure or a mind procedure is associated with sexual orientation doesn't really infer that cerebrum contrasts cause sex contrasts. Sexual orientation contrasts in cerebrum structure may result from sex contrasts in learning, experience, and socialization. All the components of an association †the individuals, capacities, rules, overseeing authority, income and thoughts †must be pulled together around arrangement of essential policy centered issues. Along these lines, it gets important to recognize the issues with the goal that legislative issues in an association might be analyzed in unique terms. What issues are these? There are a few issues, yet the worry of this paper is the issue on the sexual orientation. Individuals are related inside the association; they should remain in a connection to one another. Truth be told, the individuals are the most significant component of the association. In the event that the association is a pyramid, at that point they were the base; in this manner, they are the very establishment of the gathering. Specialists may be at the top coordinating and driving the association yet they ought to have an intensive comprehension of this component to ready to run the association easily. Are for the most part individuals set on equivalent balance? Or then again are some better than the rest? In all actuality, regardless of how awful it is by all accounts, individuals would consistently be ordered by class in a general public where they have a place. This reality would reveal to us that business chiefs, so as to decipher their strategic vision, should consistently direct class investigation. Rowe (1994) affirmed that â€Å"the measures we mark as ecological (counting such focal ones as social class) may shroud hereditary variation† (p. 5). Furthermore, how do qualities make the earth? To Rowe, The appropriate response is that the qualities may develop a sensory system - and that hormones and synapses may then persuade practices bringing about the emotional overhaul of a domain.

Rohypnol (aka Flunitrazepam, Roofies) Fast Facts

Rohypnol (otherwise known as Flunitrazepam, Roofies) Fast Facts Rohypnol is the exchange name for Flunitrazepam, a medication that goes about as a soothing, muscle relaxant, sleep inducing, and upper. While Flunitrazepam is called Rohypnol when promoted by Roche, it is likewise sold by different organizations under the names Darkene, Flunipam, Flunitrazepam, Fluscand, Hipnosedon, Hypnodorm, Ilman, Insom, Nilium, Silece, and Vulbegal. Rohypnol might be taken as a pill or the pill might be squashed and grunted or added to a food or drink. What Does Rohypnol Resemble? Rohypnol is accessible as a pill, however the pill might be squashed and blended into food or beverages or it might be broken up in fluid and infused. The current type of the medication is engraved with 542 and provided as a 1-milligram portion in an olive green, oval tablet which contains a blue color that should be noticeable if the medication is added to a beverage. Prior to that, Rohypnol was sold as a white 2-milligram tablet. For what reason Do People Use Rohypnol? As a physician endorsed prescription, Rohypnol is utilized as a pre-sedative medicine and as a transient treatment for sleep deprivation. It might be utilized to treat the downturn coming about because of the utilization of cocaine, methamphetamine, and different energizers. As a recreational medication, Rohypnol (roofies) might be seen at dance club, gatherings, and raves. The medication has been utilized regarding assault and theft to cripple the person in question and keep the person in question from reviewing the wrongdoing. Rohypnol might be utilized to end it all. What Are the Effects of Rohypnol Use? The impacts of Rohypnol use might be felt inside 15 to 20 minutes of organization and may keep going for more than 12 hours. Side effects related with the utilization of Rohypnol incorporate tiredness, brought down circulatory strain, muscle unwinding, cerebral pain, visual aggravations, unsteadiness, slurred discourse, poor response time, disarray, memory impedance, annoyed stomach, maintenance of pee, tremors, and bad dreams. One symptom related with Rohypnol utilize is retroactive amnesia, where the individual who took the medication cannot recollect occasions that happened while affected by the medication. In spite of the fact that Rohypnol is a depressant, it might create edginess, chattiness, or forceful conduct. An overdose of Rohypnol produces sedation, disabled discourse and equalization, respiratory discouragement, and conceivably unconsciousness or passing. Why Is Rohypnol Illegal in the United States? It is illicit to make, sell, or use Rohypnol in the United States since taking it can create physiological and mental reliance and benzodiazepine withdrawal disorder. The medication is lawful in different nations (e.g., Mexico) and is pirated into the US through the mail or other conveyance administrations.

On Escaping

On Escaping I have five different takes of this video that were scrapped before I finally figured out what I wanted to say. I think thats how this semester is going, though. Im working on so many different types of projects that it takes me a couple tries to even get in the right mindset to make something for myself. Im still not sure this is good. But its beginning to delve into some of the things Ive been feeling this year about being a senior at MIT, and I think that was enough for me to finally finish and post it. I also gave up scripting this one, so my initial monologue was incredibly long and circuitous. Cutting it down to 7 minutes was a challenge, but if you get bored at around 3 or 4 minutes (as I think, statistically, people do with YouTube videos) I wont blame you. Self-deprecating disclaimers aside Things you will see in this video: angst, pretty shots of Cape Cod, not-so-pretty shots of mac and cheese, an attempt at a timelapse video of the sunset, thoughts on being in a creative slump, an extended vlog section at the end that tries to be less angsty/more relatable, awkward faces Things you wont see in this video: a cohesive narrative of what Ive been doing this semester, good lighting/focusing

Exploratory factor analysis - Free Essay Example

1. Introduction Hirsch (2005) introduced a new indicator for the assessment of the research performance of scientists. The proposed h-index is intended to measure simultaneously the quality and sustainability of scientific output, as well as, to some extent, the diversity of scientific research. The specific index attracted interest immediately and received great attention in the scientometrics literature. Not only it has found a wide use in a very short time, but also a series of articles were subsequently published either proposing modifications of the original h-index for its improvement, or implementations of the newly proposed index. The h-index (sometimes called the Hirsch index or the Hirsch number) is based on the distribution of citations received by a given researchers publications. By definition: A scientist has index h if h of his Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np h) papers have at most h citations each. The index is designed to improve simpler measures such as the total number of citations or publications, to distinguish truly influential (in terms of citations) scientists from those who simply publish many papers. Among the advantages of this index is its simplicity, the fact that it encourages researchers to produce high quality work, the fact that it can combine citation impact with publication activity and that is also not affected by single papers that have many citations. Besides its popularity, a lot of criticism has been raised, too (see, e.g., Adler, Ewing, Taylor, 2009; Schreiber, 2007a; Vinkler, 2007; Meho, 2007), and various modifications and generalizations have appeared (see, e.g., Egghe, 2006a; Jin, Liang, Rousseau, Egghe, 2007; Schreiber, 2007b, 2008b; Sidiropoulos, Katsaros, Manolopoulos 2006; Tol, 2009). The h-index is robust to the numbers of citations received by the papers belonging to the h-core (i.e. the papers receiving h or more citations). To relax this robustness, various modifications have appeared in the literature, e.g. the g-index (Egghe, 2006), the A-index (Jin, 2006), the R-index (Jin et al., 2007), and the hw-index (Egghe and Rousseau, 2008). Since the suggestion of the Hirsch index a lot more h-type variants have been devised in order to overcome this robustness [e.g. the g-index (Egghe, 2006), the A-index (Jin, 2006), the R-index (Jin et al., 2007), and the hw-index (Egghe and Rousseau, 2008)]. However, more and more voices argue against the usefulness of all these measures (see e.g. Bornmann et al., 2009b; Adler, Ewing, Taylor, 2009; Schreiber, 2007a; Vinkler, 2007; Meho, 2007). In the same vein, van Noorden (2010) states that many metrics correlate strongly with one another, suggesting that they are capturing much of the same information about the data they descr ibe. After a comparison of some of the more important variants, Bornmann, Mutz, and Daniel (2008) by performing exploratory factor analysis on a set of some of the most important h-type indices, including the h-index, conclude that indices can be categorized into two basic categories: those that came to the conclusion that essentially there are two types of indices, one type of indices that describe the most productive core of the output of a scientist and tell us the number of papers in the core (p. 836) while and those that the other indices depict the impact of the papers in the core (p. 836). In particular, theAccording to the authors, h-index and the g-index were classified as belonging to the first category, while the A-index and the R-index certainly belong to the second group. However, Bornmann et al. (2008) recommended a more thorough validation of their factor analysis results by using other data sets, especially from different fields of research. Schreiber, Malesios and Psarakis (2011) have shown that the distinction is not so evident for the citation records of 26 physicists, which were previously analyzed (Schreiber, 2008a and 2010b). Specifically, the authors utilized 7 bibliometric indices similar to the analysis of Bornmann et al. (2008), with the addition of standard indicators of quantity and impact, namely total number of publications n, total number of citations S and average number of citations . In particular, the nearly equal factor loadings for g in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the raw data seemed to confirm verify the assumption (Schreiber, 2010a) that the g-index measures both, the quantity and the impact. However, this was not substantiated by the more comprehensive FA. Significant differences to previous analysesthe findings of Bornmann et al. (2008, 2009a, 2009b) have also been found. On the other hand, the results were mostly in agreement with those of Costas Bordons (2007; 2008) and Hendrix ( 2008). In the current article, we expand the previous analysis of Schreiber et al. (2011), by once again utilizing EFA using this time an augmented database consisting of a set of 17 indicators in addition to the h-index that have been proposed in recent years to improve the h-index, illustrated in detail by Schreiber (2010b). The actual values of these indices and some standard bibliometric indicators can be found in Appendix A and a short description in Appendix B. By this we attempt to clarify the properties and behaviour of the latter indices, by coming up with categorizations to latent items provided by the factor analysis. Moreover, we attempt to interpret the categorization of those indices based on previous research and the properties shared by the indices. In addition we investigate the claim that the g-index can be considered to measure both the actual scientific productivity and the scientific impact of a scientist that the g-index can be classified as a bibliometric index that can measure both the quantity of the productive core and the impact of the productive core, a property not shared by the majority of the other indices. 2. Data The data are from 26 present or former members of the Institute of Physics at Chemnitz University of Technology, including all full and associate professors as well as scientists who have been working as assistants or senior assistants (see Table A1). Data collection period covers the time period between January and February 2007, and were collected Data for the subsequent analysis were compiled between January and February 2007 from the ISI Thomson Web of Science (WoS) database Science Citation Index provided by Thomson Scientific in the Web of Science (WoS) (Schreiber, 2007a). The 26 datasets include the citation records of present or former members of the Institute of Physics at Chemnitz University of Technology, including all full and associate professors as well as scientists who have been working as assistants or senior assistants (see Table A1). The datasets for each researcher are indexed A, B, C, .., Z in conformity with the previous analysis (Schreiber, 2007a). In the current article we utilize 18 Hirsch-type indices, namely w, h(2), h, , A, f, t, g, , m, hw, R, Ä §, à Ã¢â€š ¬, e, s, hT and x (Maxprod). In parallel to the h- and g-indices we also utilize the interpolated and in compliance with the analysis of Schreiber (2010b). In addition the standard bibliometric indicators n, n1, S, c1, and for each dataset are also used.   3. Methodology Overview The statistical methodology of EFA can be used to examine for latent associations to identify the latent structure present in a set of observed variables, called the factors or latent variables. In this way, EFA and reduces dimensionality of the data to a few representative factors. , and therefore summarizes the multivariate information in a simpler form. Our aim with the specific paper, is to provide a valid In this paper we employ EFA in order to derive categorizations of the h-index and some of its variants, by employing EFA. Although the sample size used for the factor analysis can be regarded as relatively small (N=26), recent studies based on simulations have shown that when certain conditions exist the small sample size does not play a very important role and reliable FA results can be obtained. Specifically, presence of high communalities, when combined with a relatively small number of factors, tends to alleviate the effects of small sample sizes (Preacher MacCallum, 2002). (For more on this see Schreiber et al. 2011). even with very small sample sizes (e.g. N=10), when certain conditions exist. Specifically, presence of high communalities, when combined with a relatively small number of factors, tends to alleviate the effects of small sample sizes (Preacher MacCallum, 2002). Our analysis is a typical example of the above, since communalities are extremely high (way above 0.9 in almost all variables) and the number of factors is very small (2 factors), indicating that the analysis can produce valid and robust results. Bornmann et al. (2008) have utilized a logarithmic transformation to make their data more suitable for the factor analysis, since EFA techniques require that the variables should be approximately normally distributed. In our case there is no need for such transformation, since the non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality has shown that only 3 out of the 18 items deviate from normality at a 5% level of statistical significance (see Table 1). Due to the small number of datasets one would expect that the index values are better described by Students t -distribution. We have performed the respective Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the results in Table 1 confirm that untransformed data are even better described by the t -distribution than by the normal distribution. One possible reason for which in contrast to the data of Bornmann et al. (2008) our datasets of most of the 18 indices are approximately normally distributed is the diversity of the status of the selected researchers. Indeed, among the 26 researchers of our dataset there are young researchers with comparatively low index scores as well as senior professors with high values of most of their indices.   On the other hand, Bornmann et al. (2008) study the data of young researchers, whose index values are small and are concentrated within a very narrow field of values, with the direct consequence of giving extremely skewed distributions. Bornmann et al. (2008) have applied a logarithmic transformation to the raw data before utilizing FA, due to that EFA techniques require that all variables should be approximately normally distributed. To test for normality of our data, Table 1   presents results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality, which indicate that data are adequately normally distributed hence can be forced for conducting FA although are better described by the t-distribution than by the normal distribution . However, it is of interest to check if there are any discrepancies in the results between the raw data and the transformed ones, and thus additionally to the raw data x the logarithmically transformed shifted data (ln(x+1)) and the square-root transformed data were also utilized. The latter transformation was applied in this context by Costas Bordons (2008). Table 1: One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test normal distribution Student distribution Mean Median Std. Dev. D p D p w 3.54 3.5 1.84 0.285 0.029* 0.215 n.s h(2) 5.00 5 1.60 0.230 n.s 0.188 n.s h 14.88 14 6.92 0.186 n.s 0.100 n.s 15.05 14 6.89 0.194 n.s 0.087 n.s A 33.55 29.5 17.8 0.217 n.s 0.096 n.s f 19.23 18 9.59 0.196 n.s 0.096 n.s t 20.92 20 10.44 0.192 n.s 0.120 n.s g 23.96 22 11.99 0.202 n.s 0.094 n.s 24.40 22.4 12.00 0.197 n.s 0.095 n.s m 25.58 23.25 12.95 0.198 n.s 0.107 n.s hw 19.03 17.75 9.20 0.186 n.s 0.092 n.s R 22.18 20.2 10.82 0.199 n.s 0.090 n.s Ä § 19.80 17.55 10.17 0.247 n.s 0.246 n.s à Ã¢â€š ¬ 4.55 2.95 4.93 0.273 0.041* 0.273 0.041* e 16.26 14.3 8.69 0.199 n.s 0.088 n.s s 12.60 10.9 6.64 0.252 n.s 0.252 n.s hT 24.72 22.35 12.32 0.247 n.s 0.247 n.s x 336.7 231 341.3 0.319 0.01* 0.250 n.s *significant at a 5% significance level n.s.: non-significant 3.1 Exporatory Factor Analysis Results We used a least squares factor extraction procedure since it has been argued that the least squares method performs betterwell for small sample sizeswhen using small datasets in comparison to other factor extraction methods such as maximum likelihood (see Ihara and Okamoto, 1985) and a rotated varimax transformation. In order to confirm the suitability of implementing EFA for the specific data and items selected, the EFA gave a value of 0.828 for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of model adequacy was used (Kaiser, 1974), indicating that the 18 indices are suitable for the factor analysis. It gave an adequate value of 0.828 for the raw data (see Table 2). The results gave also and similar values for the transformed data. Table 2: KMO test Raw indices x ln(x+1) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡x KMO 0.828 0.822 0.841 p-value 0.001 0.001 0.001 Both the eigenvalue criterion (according to which one drops any factors with an eigenvalue of less than one) and the scree plot criterion indicated the existence of two major latent structures (factors) as the best solution for explaining the variability in the data. The two factors extracted accounted for 97.64%, 96.48% and 97.11% of the total variance in the raw, the log-transformed, and the square-root transformed data, respectively. For the raw data we see that the first factor accounted accounts for the 53.9% of the variance, the second factor for 43.7%. The factor loading matrix of factor loadings for the three models with the 18 indices can be found in Table 3. The corresponding communalities shared by the items are presented in Table 4. Table 3: Varimax rotated loading matrices (applying least squares extraction and Kaiser normalization) for the 3 EFA models with values above 0.7 given in bold face Indices Raw indices x ln(x+1) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡x Component Component Component 1 2 1 2 1 2 w 0.711 0.629 0.688 0.588 0.702 0.597 h(2) 0.736 0.629 0.749 0.615 0.748 0.618 h 0.827 0.553 0.864 0.492 0.848 0.520 0.827 0.555 0.866 0.493 0.849 0.521 A 0.499 0.863 0.444 0.895 0.471 0.880 f 0.816 0.572 0.850 0.519 0.835 0.543 t 0.784 0.619 0.809 0.585 0.799 0.599 g 0.685 0.727 0.675 0.735 0.682 0.730 0.691 0.722 0.685 0.726 0.690 0.723 m 0.706 0.649 0.650 0.607 0.686 0.624 hw 0.691 0.721 0.677 0.734 0.686 0.726 R 0.678 0.733 0.675 0.734 0.678 0.733 Ä § 0.798 0.587 0.786 0.599 0.792 0.592 à Ã¢â€š ¬ 0.675 0.704 0.640 0.753 0.659 0.735 e 0.549 0.836 0.494 0.867 0.523 0.852 s 0.831 0.540 0.836 0.531 0.834 0.534 hT 0.835 0.550 0.851 0.523 0.844 0.534 x 0.770 0.591 0.744 0.619 0.762 0.599 Eigenvalues 9.701 7.873 9.614 7.752 9.717 7.763 Table 4: Variance explained by the 3 EFA models Indices Raw indices x ln(x+1) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡x w 0.901 0.819 0.849 h(2) 0.938 0.939 0.942 h 0.990 0.989 0.989 0.993 0.994 0.993 A 0.994 0.998 0.997 f 0.994 0.991 0.993 t 0.997 0.997 0.997 g 0.999 0.996 0.998 0.999 0.997 0.998 m 0.919 0.791 0.860 hw 0.999 0.997 0.998 R 0.998 0.995 0.996 Ä § 0.981 0.976 0.978 à Ã¢â€š ¬ 0.951 0.977 0.975 e 0.999 0.996 0.998 s 0.982 0.981 0.981 hT 0.999 0.997 0.998 x 0.942 0.937 0.940 A possible interpretation is complicated, when choosing a value of 0.6 as a cut-off threshold for the factor loadings. Then for the raw data 9 items load on both factors, and only h, , Ä § , f, s, hT, x load on only the first factor, while A and e load strongly on the second factor. This confirms from another viewpoint the observation of Schreiber (2010) that A and e are closely related. This could be so, because these indices are the only ones solely based on h and total number of h-core citations S(h) (The related index R is based entirely on S(h)).   The observation of Schreiber (2010b) that the rank orders for w and h(2) are not very different, is reflected in the FA as both indicators share similar loadings on the two dimensions. Both indices along with h are based directly on citation counts for different core sizes. However, in the current analysis, h exhibits different behavior in comparison to w and h(2), since it loads solely on the first factor.   While A and g are both based on the average number of citations in the FA they appear different since A loads highly on the second factor whereas g loads more evenly on both latent structures. For the indices m, f, t and g depending on different average citation numbers we observe that three of them load on both dimensions, while f loads only on the first dimension. Similarly, the Ä §-index seems to differ from g, R and hw although all of them depend on the square root of the summed number of citations. The results of applying EFA to the transformed indices are very similar to the categorizations given for the raw data (using a cut-off value of 0.6), except that now w and t have shifted and fall into the first category, too. Choosing a threshold level 0.7 leads to a clear separation of all indices to the two dimensions for the raw data. Now, besides A and e, also g, , hw, R, à Ã¢â€š ¬ fall into the second category, the others into the first category. This is also true for the transformed data with the exception of m which is no more attributed to any of the factors. In contrast Bornmann et al. (2008) assign h and g to the same factor (measuring quantity of the research output). We cannot conclude in the wayas Bornmann et al. (2008) did that the first factor relates to the number of papers in the productive core of the researchers outputs, because indices like f and Ä § load on that factor, but are based on the number of citations in the core. On the other hand, all the indices loading on the second factor reflect the impact of the papers in that core, i.e. the quality dimension. The varimax rotation method is an orthogonal rotation method which assumes that the factors in the analysis are uncorrelated. We have additionally to the varimax orthogonal rotation method, utilized an oblique rotation method (specifically promax oblique rotation with least squares extraction) which in contrast to varimax does not require the factors to be uncorrelated. Such oblique rotation techniques have been favored against the use of orthogonal rotations There are several studies proposing the use of oblique rotation instead of orthogonal rotation methodology (see e.g. McCroskey and Young, 1979). The value of the promax rotation exponent k was set to 4 since that value provided more interpretable results (Tataryn, Wood and Gorsuch, 1999). Table 5: Promax oblique rotated loading matrices for the 3 EFA models with values above 0.5 given in bold face Indices Raw indices x ln(x+1) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡x Component Component Component 1 2 1 2 1 2 w 0.599 0.384 0.595 0.347 0.612 0.343 h(2) 0.642 0.361 0.669 0.336 0.669 0.336 h 0.866 0.148 0.963 0.037 0.922 0.085 0.864 0.151 0.966 0.037 0.923 0.085 A 0.022 0.978 -0.067 1.055 -0.026 1.020 f 0.829 0.190 0.916 0.093 0.879 0.135 t 0.731 0.298 0.794 0.234 0.769 0.260 g 0.463 0.574 0.445 0.595 0.458 0.581 0.478 0.559 0.470 0.571 0.477 0.563 m 0.571 0.424 0.517 0.410 0.561 0.403 hw 0.479 0.559 0.450 0.590 0.468 0.571 R 0.446 0.591 0.447 0.593 0.449 0.589 [1] Ä § 0.784 0.233 0.744 0.277 0.764 0.255 à Ã¢â€š ¬ 0.468 0.545 0.374 0.654 0.416 0.611 e 0.132 0.885 0.039 0.964 0.085 0.926 s 0.884 0.123 0.883 0.125 0.887 0.120 hT 0.881 0.135 0.915 0.098 0.902 0.112 x 0.733 0.266 0.659 0.347 0.707 0.294 Eigenvalues 16.462 15.516 16.018 14.998 16.269 15.233 Applying a threshold value 0.5 the results in Table 5 provide a clear distinction of the indices, in full compliance with the results of varimax rotation (when using the threshold 0.7). 3.2 Expanded Set In an effort to further categorize h-type variants into indices based on quantity and quality Bornmann, Mutz, Daniel, Wallon and Ledin (2009) have re-run the EFA of Bornmann et al. (2008) including the standard bibliometric measures n and S. Along the same lines, we re-ran our EFA including besides n also other bibliometric measures, as in Schreiber (2010), namely the number of cited publications n1, the average number of citations per article = S/n, the highest number of citations c1, and the average number of citations in the elite set defined by Vinkler (2009) as the most cited nà Ã¢â€š ¬=à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡n papers. In this way we intend similarly to Bornmann et al. (2009b) a categorization of the indices to the quantity dimension (expressed by n and n1) and the impact dimension (expressed by and c1). The results of the EFA using the least squares extraction method and the varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization are presented in Tables 6, 7 and 8. Once again, the results suggested a factor structure with only two factors having an eigenvalue larger than 1, which both explain 96.1% of the variability in the data. Table 6: KMO test Raw indices x ln(x+1) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡x KMO 0.66 0.716 0.657 p-value 0.001 0.001 0.001 Table 7: Varimax rotated loading matrices for the 3 EFA models with values above 0.685 given in bold face Indices Raw indices x ln(x+1) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡x Component Component Component 1 2 1 2 1 2 w 0.685 0.648 0.678 0.591 0.687 0.605 h(2) 0.696 0.665 0.730 0.627 0.721 0.640 h 0.767 0.618 0.833 0.521 0.804 0.565 0.769 0.617 0.837 0.520 0.807 0.563 A 0.496 0.857 0.473 0.869 0.491 0.859 f 0.763 0.629 0.827 0.539 0.799 0.580 t 0.738 0.665 0.790 0.601 0.769 0.627 g 0.658 0.753 0.682 0.731 0.676 0.737 0.662 0.750 0.689 0.725 0.681 0.733 m 0.659 0.692 0.623 0.624 0.658 0.648 hw 0.666 0.745 0.682 0.730 0.681 0.732 R 0.647 0.763 0.674 0.738 0.666 0.746 Ä § 0.806 0.590 0.821 0.565 0.819 0.569 à Ã¢â€š ¬ 0.674 0.707 0.675 0.720 0.686 0.710 e 0.541 0.835 0.516 0.848 0.535 0.837 s 0.834 0.550 0.862 0.504 0.853 0.519 hT 0.812 0.580 0.856 0.515 0.840 0.540 x 0.788 0.585 0.781 0.584 0.799 0.569 n1 0.949 0.195 0.950 0.195 0.951 0.190 n 0.958 0.149 0.966 0.143 0.964 0.142 c1 0.346 0.843 0.302 0.853 0.316 0.847 0.369 0.926 0.377 0.927 0.378 0.926 0.107 0.938 0.157 0.952 0.139 0.953 Eigenvalues 11.13 10.975 11.742 10.188 11.614 10.423 Table 8: Variance explained by the 3 EFA models Indices Raw indices x ln(x+1) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡x w 0.889 0.809 0.837 h(2) 0.926 0.926 0.930 h 0.970 0.965 0.965 0.972 0.971 0.969 A 0.981 0.979 0.979 f 0.977 0.974 0.974 t 0.987 0.985 0.986 g 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 m 0.914 0.778 0.852 hw 0.998 0.998 0.998 R 0.999 0.999 0.999 Ä § 0.998 0.993 0.995 à Ã¢â€š ¬ 0.954 0.974 0.976 e 0.990 0.986 0.987 s 0.998 0.997 0.997 hT 0.996 0.998 0.997 x 0.963 0.951 0.961 n1 0.938 0.941 0.940 n 0.940 0.953 0.950 c1 0.830 0.819 0.817 0.993 0.999 0.999 0.891 0.931 0.927 From Table 7 we see that by selecting a threshold between 0.674 and 0.685, we get a clear distinction of all the raw indices, with the first dimension of the EFA comprising w, h(2), h, , f, t, Ä §, s, hT, x, n1, n while A, g, , m, hw, R, à Ã¢â€š ¬, e, c1,   , load on the second factor. The high loadings of n and n1 on the first factor and and on the second factor, mean that by including these standard bibliometric indicators into the analysis we have successfully enforced a distinction separation of between the quantity and the quality dimension. Results of the promax oblique rotation (with k = 3 and least squares extraction) in Table 9 show once again a more distinct separation to the two dimensions. Table 9: Promax oblique rotated loading matrices for the raw indices with values above 0.54 given in bold face Indices Raw indices x Component 1 2 w 0.548 0.481 h(2) 0.554 0.497 h 0.667 0.402 0.670 0.401 A 0.206 0.839 f 0.656 0.419 t 0.607 0.477 g 0.462 0.628 0.469 0.621 m 0.493 0.550 hw 0.477 0.613 R 0.443 0.645 Ä § 0.730 0.348 à Ã¢â€š ¬ 0.506 0.561 e 0.273 0.789 s 0.785 0.284 hT 0.742 0.333 x 0.710 0.350 n1 1.104 -0.222 n 1.139 -0.284 c1 0.023 0.895 0.012 0.988 -0.326 1.134 Eigenvalues 17.577 17.441 The obtained results suggest that the g-index (accordingly also ) contributes more in measuring the quality dimension, whereas the h-index (and accordingly ) measures mostly the quantity dimension. To achieve an even clearer categorization of the indices we have performed the analysis including also the total number of citations S, as this specific metric has been also utilized by Bornmann et al. (2008). The contribution of the indices to the two factors shown in Table 10 yields a clear distinction in full agreement with Table 7, if again the threshold value 0.685 is used. Table 10: Varimax rotated loading matrices for the raw indices with values above 0.685 given in bold face Indices Raw indices x Component 1 2 w 0.686 0.646 h(2) 0.694 0.664 h 0.767 0.616 0.769 0.616 A 0.499 0.855 f 0.763 0.627 t 0.739 0.663 g 0.659 0.752 0.663 0.748 m 0.661 0.691 hw 0.668 0.743 R 0.648 0.761 Ä § 0.807 0.588 à Ã¢â€š ¬ 0.681 0.703 e 0.543 0.834 s 0.835 0.548 hT 0.813 0.579 x 0.794 0.581 n1 0.951 0.192 n 0.959 0.146 S 0.782 0.581 c1 0.354 0.840 0.372 0.924 0.106 0.939 Eigenvalues 11.795 11.261 A rather surprising result is that S exhibits higher loading on the first factor, rather than on the second factor on which the other indicators that are based on the citations load strongly. That was already observed by Schreiber et al. (2011), and might be explained by the assumption that S correlates more strongly with n than with , since more papers attract more citations. This may also be an indication that S is not the best indicator for measuring quality. The same argument applies to Ä §, because it is proportional to . Thus it loads strongly on the first factor just like S. Most distinctive (except from the standard bibliometric indices) in terms of very high loadings are A and e belonging clearly in the group of indices measuring the impact of the productive core and Ä §, s, x and hT measuring the number of papers in the productive core. 4. Conclusions In this paper we have examined the relationship of the h-index with other related indices measuring research performance using exploratory factor analysis. We have shown, that for our dataset consisting of a wide variety of bibliometric indices, for most of the investigated indices a distinction was evident to one of the two basic dimensions of scientific performance, namely the quality and quantity of scientific output. In summary, two different groups of indices were identified according to the results of EFA. Generally, there was strong indication based on the results of the conducted EFA that most of the indices cannot be fully categorized in any of the two factors. However, for some of the indices there is a stronger tendency to describe the quantity of the productive core. Among these indices are the w, h(2), h, , f, t, Ä §, s, hT, and x. Especially for the h-index, both quantity and impact of articles are taken into account, however the analysis suggests that quantity of publications plays the most important role. In the same manner, for other indices there is a stronger tendency to describe the impact of the productive core, including the A, g, , m, hw, R, à Ã¢â€š ¬ and e. These results also confirm the results of Schreiber (2010a), who based on theoretical arguments suggests that g, A and R belong to the same category of indices, and contrast the different classifications between g and A, R by Bornmann et al. (2008). Nevertheless, the present investigation adds to the results derived by Schreiber et al. (2011), by generalizing the preliminary findings obtained using a set of 7 indices, this time by including most of the important h-type indices proposed to correct insufficiencies of the Hirsch index.

Book Report I Beat the Odds - 1156 Words

Book report I beat the odds The story of the blind side has been told repeatedly thought books, movies and magazine but never from Michael Oher himself. I beat the odds from homelessness to the blind side and beyond by Michael Oher with Don Yaeger tells the true story of his life, the good bad and ugly. This book tells the story of his life before and after the blind side. Michael also tells us how important it is for people to help children that are in bad spots. Chapters one thought seven is about Ohers life as a little boy in the poor streets of Memphis. Michael’s mother was a drug addict who never seemed to stay clean for long. She has many children in which she cannot take care of. Michael and his older brothers and younger†¦show more content†¦Even though there team did not do very well Michael himself did great all four years. He earned the dean’s list in his sophomore year, which means his GPA was a 3.5 or higher. He also earned many football awards though his ti me as a Rebel. The Rebel team was not having a very good three years so they brought in a new hand couch Michael senior year. Michael was a little worried about the change so he almost did not finish collage so he could enter the draft a year early. Michael decided not to do so because his dream was to get out of the projects not to become a football star. Michael graduated collage in 2009 with a degree in criminal justice as well as a football player in the NFL. The NFL Draft was on April 26, 2009 in New York City. On that day, Michael Oher was the 23thrd overall pick on his way to Baltimore. Michael was one of the firsts picks to find a team even with some experts saying that he was a â€Å"risky choice because of his character issues†. Michael first year in the NFL was great he was the starter right tackle. Not only was the year good for him but the team as well. In December, he was named NFL rookie of the month. The team made it to AFC- divisional round but the Indiana polis Colts ended their season on their way to the super bowl. Before the season ended they had some big wins like the season opener against the Redskins which they won 34-24 or the game against the Chargers and the browns. There biggest winShow MoreRelatedPrisoner B 307 : Oral Report1167 Words   |  5 Pages Prisoner B-307: Oral Report 10 concentration camps†¦ Imaging being brutally tortured, starved, and beaten in 10 different Nazi concentration camps 6 years straight for no reason, except for the fact that you are Jewish. This novel was based on the true story of a boy named Yanek Gruener and how he defied all the odds of being a Jew in Poland during the infamous World War II. Yanek Gruener was living happily with his family in Krakà ³w, Poland before the war had began. 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Christmas Trees in the Workplace and the First Amendment...

OUTLINE Overview Presentation of the issue Christmas Trees in the Workplace and the First Amendment a. The First Amendment Review b. Review framing of Constitution vis-ÃÆ' -vis 1st Amendment c. Political and social context d. Evolution of political and social context in relation to 1st Amendment The First Amendment as Freedom of Speech and Religious Expression Interpretation of Freedom of Speech Interpretation of Freedom of Religious Expression Limits to Amendment in contemporary society Literature Review Pre-1990 writings Contemporary scholarship Ethical considerations utilitarianism and deontology Historical Court Cases Historiography of Issue Evolution of Courts opinion and interpretation of the issue Polarized Views Pro and Con of allowing Christmas Trees in workplace Christmas Trees should be part of protected 1st Amendment Rights Christmas Trees are an expression of religion, and therefore are not Protected for public view in workplace Conclusions and Further Research Table of Contents Abstract Page 3 Arguments Page 4 Overview- The First Amendment Page 4 Interpretation of Religious Freedom Page 6 Literature Review Page 8 Utilitarianism and Deontology Page 10 Historiography of the Issue The High Court Page 12 Polarized Views Page 15 Conclusions Page 15 References Page 17 Abstract The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States clearly states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, orShow MoreRelatedThe First Amendment and Christmas Trees in the Workplace552 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿Topic The First Amendment and Christmas Trees in the workplace and public arena. Thesis While a strict interpretation of the Constitution could find that Christmas Trees in the workplace are inappropriate, there is a dependent factor based on convergence, tradition, and community values. Outline Overview Presentation of the issue Christmas Trees in the Workplace and the First Amendment a. The First Amendment Review b. Review framing of Constitution vis-ÃÆ'  -vis 1st Amendment c. Political andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWork–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational

Pros And Cons Of Gun Control - 1511 Words

Gun control is a policy that the government limits the keeping and using of guns by citizens. According to Firearms and Federal Law: The Gun Control Act Of 1968, the Gun Control Act is designed to provide support to Federal, State, and local law enforcement officials in their fight against crime and violence. (Journal of Legal Studies). Firearm is an epochal invention. But unfortunately, no matter in the past or now, guns and firearms are often misused. Therefore, gun control policy exists. In fact, the gun control policy leads both pros and cons. Policy of gun control is always a hot topic argued by gun control advocates and gun rights organizations. In this assignment, we will discuss about the pros and the cons that may causes by the gun control policy. Gun Control: Pros Since guns and firearms are invented, a lot of researches shown that the crime rate and death rate are gradually increasing by time (Just Facts). 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The Beauty Of Nature And The World - 1829 Words

A: In literature it transitioned from romanticism, writing about the beauty of nature and the world, to realism, writing about the realities and dark unfair sides of the world. C: This was a big change in the literature and some people were not ready to see what they dismissed on a daily basis. T: Gender roles were shown in literature more and showed how women and men were characterized into jobs and roles and showed the disadvantage of being a woman rather than a man but it wasn’t just gender roles. Economic problems were being brought up that the middle and lower class knew too well instead of writing about the rich and what the average people wanted to be. S: Two literary examples that show this are Nora in A Doll’s House and Evelyn in The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio which show their daily struggles with economic and gender biases. 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In his little book Nature, Emerson writes, I am the lover of uncontained and immortal beauty....In the tranquil landscape.Read MoreTagore And Romanticism In Eastern World Literature1058 Words   |  5 Pages Being impacted by the occidental romantic poets like Wordsworth, Shelley, Byron, Keats, Yeats and Coleridge, he invents a new kind of romantic world and pervades romantic principles and sensibilities in the Eastern world literature by keeping protect the romantic genre. It can pertain the principles, allusion and aesthetic thought both with Tagore’s romanticism as well as Western romanticism .The crucial feature of the nineteenth century romanticism based on the imagination and fancy, thereforeRead MoreAttitude and Appreciation of the Natural World in Gerard Manley Hopkins and Henry Wadsworth Longfellows Poetry1239 Words   |  5 PagesAttitude and Appreciation of the Natural World in Gerard Manley Hopkins and Henry Wadsworth Longfellows Poetry The simple beauty of nature is an aspect many of us take for granted in our everyday lives - the endearing sounds of birds welcoming another day and the powerful gush of a waterfall being some examples of these. But there are those individuals who have endeavoured to fully comprehend the marvellous complexity of the world around us. Such findings are present in

Term Paper Intro to I.T. Free Essays

Week 10 Term Paper Tommy Coney, Jr. CIS 106 – Introduction to Information Technology Week 10 Term Paper Professor Clifton G. Howell, Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Term Paper Intro to I.T. or any similar topic only for you Order Now D. The technology that I feel has created a paradigm shift and is now as well as further in the future is Cloud Computing. By definition Cloud computing is s a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e. g. , networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Mell Grance, 2011) Cloud computing is one of the leading buzz terms in the world of IT today. Seemingly every possible solution has been enhanced with the mere addition of the word â€Å"cloud†. Cloud computing refers to  applications  and services offered over the Internet. These services are offered from data centers all over the world, which collectively are referred to as the â€Å"cloud. † This metaphor represents the intangible, yet universal nature of the Internet. The idea of the â€Å"cloud† simplifies the many network connections  and computer systems involved in online  services. In fact, many network diagrams use the image of a cloud to represent the Internet. This symbolizes the Internet’s broad reach, while simplifying its complexity. Any user with an Internet connection can access  the cloud and the services it provides. Since these services are often connected, users can share information between multiple systems and with other users. Examples of this technology include online  backup  services,  social networking  services, and personal data services such as Apple’s MobileMe. Cloud computing also includes online applications, such as those offered through Microsoft Online Services. Hardware services, such as redundant servers,  mirrored  websites, and Internet-based  clusters are also examples of cloud computing. (â€Å"Technology terms,† 2009) In its own way, â€Å"paradigm shift† has lost much of its meaning over the past twenty years through overuse. Each year, changes in technology are heralded as paradigm shifts, changes that will alter the IT landscape. There are two keys to this definition. The first is the recognition of value produced from an IT environment. Value is less clearly defined than a more concrete metric like cost or performance, but value multiplies throughout an environment and increases with the expansion of the scope and reach of systems. Reduced cost for the same eventual value is a plus, but mere lower cost does not create the dramatic value required in the definition of a paradigm shift. The second key is the recognition that the value must be accrued by the eventual users in an organization. Once again, allowing IT departments to fulfill their mandates better or for less expense is certainly positive, but without the demand for value driven by consumers of IT services, you will not see the sort of changes required to classify an innovation as a paradigm shift. Cloud computing does, when properly implemented, deliver vastly more value to IT consumers, it does in fact, fit the definition of a paradigm shift. And cloud computing will, over the next 3-5 years, dramatically change the landscape of information technology. Because of this, an errant choice could not only waste money but, more importantly, lead you down a detour that will delay your adoption of cloud computing and leave you at a competitive disadvantage (Greenwald, 2011) A paradigm shift can produce a tidal wave of increased value from IT resources, but nothing comes for free. In order to get these great accumulations of new value, IT departments may have to modify the way they think about, design and implement systems. To understand this, you only need think back to the dawn of graphical user interfaces, where old applications were created with a â€Å"GUI† (Graphical User Interface) interface, but ended up as just a bit of makeup on an earlier generation of technology. The new look did not produce new value, and were fairly rapidly rejected by consumers. In the same way, the great benefits of the cloud do not naturally accrue by simply shifting your IT stack to an outsourced provider. You may, for the sake of expediency or organizational necessity, choose to follow this route to get some advantages without extensive modifications to your existing solutions. (Greenwald, 2011) There are however advantages and disadvantages to cloud computing. Some of the advantages are; Convenience, Security, Backups, Collaboration and being environmentally friendly. Convenience meaning you can access your data anywhere you can connect to the Internet. Security being that most companies use industrial level security software and practices which make it harder for hackers to get at your data. That’s harder, but not impossible. Backups being, you have a backup of your data in case your local computer crashes. Collaboration being that with your permission, others can access, view, and modify your documents. Environmentally friendly means it takes fewer resources to cloud compute, thus saving energy. Some businesses take it a step further and incorporate cloud computing into their telecommuting strategies. (Morris, 2011) The disadvantages to cloud computing are; security breaches, outages, storage limits, slow speeds, and limited features. Security breaches meaning that remote  server security  makes it harder, but not impossible, for hackers to reach your data. If there is a compromise of the server or servers where your data is stored, your personal information may be exposed to the world. There’s also a good chance that more than just your information may be affected, we’re talking possibly millions of other users. Outages meaning, have you ever been unable to access your email due to your provider being down? Now, imagine if you needed a document for an important business meeting or presentation and your  storage provider’s site was down. Believe me it happens, and it happens at the most inconvenient times. Storage limits meaning that while your local hard drive may be able to hold 500GB or more of data, unfortunately a remote server may only allow you to freely store about 5GB. If you want more room, you’ll have to pay. Still, even with a paid account, it can’t begin to touch the amount of room you have locally. There also may be a limit on the size of the data that can be stored. Slow speeds of course being uploading and downloading of large documents may take a long time. Limited features being that if you use remote software that’s provided by the storage service to manipulate and modify your data, it usually lacks the features of a program running locally. (Morris, 2011) To understand exactly how cloud computing works, let’s consider that the cloud consists of layers -mainly the back end layers and the front end layers. The front layers are the parts you see and interact with. When you access your profile on your Facebook account for example, you are using software running on the front end of the cloud. The back end consists of the hardware and the software architecture that delivers the data you see on the front end. Clouds use a network layer to connect users’ end point devices, like computers or smart phones, to resources that are centralized in a data center. Users can access the data centre via a company network or the internet or both. Clouds can also be accessed from any location, allowing mobile workers to access their business systems on demand. Applications running on the cloud take advantage of the flexibility of the computing power available. The computers are set up to work together so that it appears as if the applications were running on one particular machine. This flexibility is a major advantage of cloud computing, allowing the user to use as much or as little of the cloud resources as they want at short notice, without any assigning any specific hardware for the job in advance. I think the easiest way to explain this was through Wikipedia â€Å"End users access cloud-based  applications  through a  web browser  or a light-weight desktop or  mobile application  while the business software  and user’s data are stored on servers at a remote location. Proponents claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand. † (Wikipedia, 2012) Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility like the electricity grid over a network typically the Internet. Cloud computing is as described above and should be seen as such. It can be a benefit if used properly but make no mistake about it, it needs to be configured correctly to maximize each and every benefit. I gave 5 pros and cons to using the cloud computing but there are more and all should be explored before committing to the use of cloud computing. References Mell, P. , Grance, T. (2011). Retrieved from US Department of Commerce website: http://csrc. nist. gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145. pdf (Mell Grance, 2011) Greenwald, R. (2011, November). Creating value with the oracle database cloud service. Retrieved from ttp://www. oracle. com/technetwork/database/database-cloud/public/extreme-productivity-wp-1844125. pdf (Greenwald, 2011) Technology terms. (2009, April 23). Retrieved from http://www. techterms. com/definition/cloud_computing (â€Å"Technology terms,† 2009) Morris, K. (2011, Spetember 26). Five advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing. Retrieved from http://www. examiner. com/article/five-advantages-and-disadvan tages-of-cloud-computing (Morris, 2011) Wikipedia. (2012, August 13). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cloud_computing (Wikipedia, 2012) How to cite Term Paper Intro to I.T., Essays

Evaluation of a Public Australian Company-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Prepare a critical evaluation of a public Australian company DICKSMITH that has suffered from a severe financial crisis or become insolvent at some time over the past 10-15 years. Answer: Introduction of Dick Smith In the year 1968 Dick Smith started a small business in Sydney for installing car radios with an initial invested capital of $610. The business grew exponentially and by the end of 1980 , Entrepreneur Dick Smith had about 20 stores. These stores expended their product range to include many items such as electronics goods and kits. In the year 1980, one of Australias largest company Woolworths decided to acquire a 60% stake in the Dick Smith operated stores. Two years later Dick Smith personally exited the business by selling the remaining stocks to Woolworth for about $ 25 million. In the Fiscal year 2012 the company announced restructuring of the Dick smith business and decided to close approximately 100 stores. Finally, Anchorage capital paid approximately $115 million to Woolworth to acquire the Dick smith business. Anchorage paid $20 million as an upfront pay of the $115 million. In about a years time by December 2013 the anchorage capital decided to float the Dick Smith business in the ASX. The market valuation of the business was estimated to be $520 million at that time. However, within two years time (November 2015) the business was seen experiencing dwindling sales figures and cash flows and decided to write down 1/5th of the stock amounting to over $60mn. Stock prices of the company declined over 80% in December 2015 and the company decided to undertake a massive stock clearance sale in December 2015. In the month of January, the company was pressed into voluntary administration. At that time the company was operating a total of 393 stores of which nearly 353 stores were designated as Dick Smith stores. Literature Review Dick Smith started the business on the basis of a hobby electronic store which can do individual things and charge different prices. The initial model was to service individual customers and not sell standard electronic equipment because the business was based on a large-scale capital. The business grew and made profits because of its uniqueness of serving customers unique needs. thats how it succeeded in bring the consumers. But once the company was taken over by the Woolworths hey greatly modified the business model to expand the business further alienating the personal touch. However, the Dick smith store never did good business under Woolworths supervision and the company divested the division because it was very unlike the Woolworth business(Belverd E. Needles, 2012, 11TH EDITION). The business of Dick Smith grew under Anchorage initially but were greatly burdened by increasing debts and finance costs. The Company (Dick Smith) that was acquired by Anchorage was for finding the most opportune time to offload the same and make profit. With that view Anchorages nominees ran the company but did not proceed to change the firms capital structure form a predominantly debt oriented structure. The debts kept on increasing. The level of debt in the capital structure in 2013 was 55% and the same increased to 63% in 2014 and 67% in 2015(Dick Smith annual report, 2015). Equity was divested to accommodate more debts because the cash flows generated were less than adequate to run the firm. Increasingly the firms operations were run through using more of the short and long-term debts. in the early parts of 2015 the debt -equity ratio reached 2:1, and this is when the management found it really difficult to manage the business as it became almost impossible to get more debt financing. Current liabilities could not be serviced as per schedule of the inability to get more debts. Two bankers of the co mpany (one being HSBC) declined to lend more and decided to wait until the last quarter of 2015 for the firms management to take steps to increase cash flows and failing which new credit lines were completely stopped by December 2015. At that time the acid test ratio of the company was only .3 which showed how dismal the cash flows of the firm were(Carl S Warren, 2011). In 2012, Anchorage capital paid $115 to acquire Dick Smith business form Woolworth and decided to list the stocks in the ASX. The stock of Dick smith started impressively at $1.9 per share as the company was packaged impressively. It traded at the same value of a year before reaching $2.14. it reached a high of $ 2.2 in the month of January 2015. However soon after trouble started to take uncontrollable proportions and stock prices crashed. In September 2015, the stock was trading for about $.59 when the cash flows became untenable for the company management and inventory was written down by over $60 million. Soon the companys stock fell over to reach a lowly $.35 in January 2016 and ASX decided to halt trading of the stock in the same month(Tony Boyd , 2016). One of the immediate causes of failure of the Dick smith business was the inadequate cash flows generated in 2105 operations. The cash flows suddenly started to dry up in 2015 after impressive shows in the previous two years. while the company had a net cash flow form Operation amounting to $117,621,000 in 2013, the same declined by over 50% to $52,177,000 in 2014 and suddenly turned negative at ($3,940,000) in the fiscal year 2015. While the net cash provided from operations were much larger in 2013 and 2014 the cash flows from operations suddenly became negative in 2105. One of the reason is the sudden increase in the amount of taxes paid and the other is significant increases in payments made to suppliers etc. Simply said the company was not generating enough cash to run the business. Also, the fianc costs became larger in both 2014 and 2015(Dick Smith annual report, 2015). The problems of Dick smith operations initially began as a far as November 2015 as the company intended to write down more than $60 of inventory form the books and the market showed a knee jerk reaction as share prices tumbled. Because the firm was only less than 3 years old and not large by any means the stock write down was seen as fishy. Because of this investor confidence in the management of the firm tanked and resulted in more than 80% devaluation of the forms shares. However, after a lot of investigation it was revealed that the Anchorage Capital which brought the dick smith stores form Woolworth cooked up the books in 2012 itself. In the books of Woolworth the Dick smith inventory was shown at a market valuation of $246 million but after take over the same was valued at $371 million (presumably at market price) and the same stood at $58million higher. However, anchorage valued the stocks at $312 million on listing and the same amounted to overvaluing the stocks by $66 million over what was valued by Woolworth(BAKER CORTRELL, 2011). The book was also cooked up by Anchorage while reporting the value of the plant and equipment. While the Woolworth financial statements showed the plant and equipment at $51mn , the same was revalued by Anchorage at $65 million- thereby increasing values by over $14 million. Deloitte Sydney was the lead auditor for both Woolworth and Anchorage and it appeared prima facie that the book of anchorage was cooked up to show approximately $80mn value in excess of what should have been reported. The transactions remained in the books prior to the companys listing in ASX and is being seen as an attempt by Anchorage to boost the listing price of the stock and the same mistakes were allowed to remain in the book till the inventory was decided to be written off in November 2015(Carl S. Warren, 2012). Prior to its listing the Dick Smiths business was growing, demand was steady and Expansion plans were in place. the failure of the frim occurred in an environment when the firm was growing sizably because of bad planning and massive failure in sourcing inventory at reasonable prices. The environment in the beginning of 2013 was such that the companys management was looking for expanding rapidly even if the cost of expansion was too high and management was thinking in the line of revenue growth and enough profitability to cover the higher costs. however the expansion was rapid and unplanned/unchecked and performance suffered because the profit margin could not be maintained. The management could not plan for a business model which sustains itself and that would eventually turn the business into believing that it can avail more debts to tide over tight situations and payoff when the situation is corrected. Whole of the companys available surpluses of 21012-2014 was used to fund the expansion and debts increased manifold. However the problem that caused major changes in the cash flows was the very fact that the companys management had already bought too much stocks which were bad and customer preferences lied somewhere else and these stocks were procured at much higher prices which resulted in the eventual write down of $60mn in 2015. By the end of 2015 the company went for a clearance sale to free the stores of such items but unfortunately by then the companys stores would have been set in motion strong sales and better margins. As sales declined and cash was not available for payment the management did not have any option but to declare closure. The Dick Smith Business in the mid of 2103 was having a very good sales growth and offered big profits. However, it had actually very little inventory. Thus, Anchorage tried to sell the company before it is too late. 80% of the stocks were sold in its ASX listing which valued the company at $520mn. Comparing the same with what anchorage paid for its made little sense(Carl S Warren, 2011). Anchorage capital actually paid only $20 million to Woolworth at the time of its acquisition and promised to pay the balance of $95mn in a years time. It sold the company to the public by listing the company for $520 million and made huge amount of profit. The venture capital firm also sold the balance 20% of the stocks 10 months after 10 months of the initial listing. When Dick smith went into administration the company was actually worth less than 15% of the market valuation when the company was first listed(Elliott Elliott, 2017). The situation was not funny for any of the 3300 employees of the company. It was their personal disaster. They were suddenly been jobless and must have felt sorry the way the companys affairs were being handled by the management of the company led by Nick Abboud. The employees lost their livelihood and all the companies local suppliers lost a big client. Many jobs would also have been lost at the suppliers end and the same is unreported. Distribution chain jobs were also affected. The gift cards which were issued by the company prior to going into liquidation proceedings suddenly became worthless in the market. Families of the employees which in the base of their jobs have already taken home mortgages were probably hounded by the mortgage banks for recovery. There were widespread fear among shareholders of the company , many of them became depressed and lost millions of their savings and hard earned life earnings(Weiss, 2014). Conclusion Dick Smiths management were grossly negligent in not scouring for a permanent solution to the liquidity inadequacy and firm increasing costs. The Current liabilities Owings to suppliers and wages etc) were difficult to be paid and the management went for more loans from lenders to fill the gap. As the level of stocks dropped and the company did not have enough cash to procure more stocks unless it paid the suppliers in time- the management faced a do or die situation which they failed. The company might have been saved if the wrong doings in evaluating the inventory would have been rectified years ago and thus the company would have been in a better position ( as it would have been less valued and better managed because lack of stocks would have led to lesser debts and lending by banks in the first place. Bibliography BAKER, R., CORTRELL, D. (2011). ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ,10TH ED. CHICAGO: MCGRAWHILL IRWIN. BARTHOLOMEUSZ, S. (2016). Lessons from Dick Smiths breathtaking implosion. Melbourne: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/stephen-bartholomeusz/lessons-from-dick-smiths-breathtaking-implosion/news-story/b16c95af482bf32b0aee8098a86ae34e. Belverd E. Needles. (2012, 11TH EDITION). PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING. CHICAGO: CENGAGE BRAIN. Brearly , Myers Allen. (2012). Corporate finance (9th ed.). Chicago: McGraw Hill Irwin. Carl S Warren. (2011). principles of corporate financial accounting . NEWYORK: mCGRAWHILL/IRWIN. Carl S. Warren. (2012). Corporate Financial Accounting (12edition ed.). South Western cengage publishing . Chung, F. (2016). McGrathNicol releases Dick Smith report. https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail. Damodaran, A. (2012). APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE (FOURTH EDITION ed.). Chicago: Wiley Publishers. Dick Smith annual report. (2015). Annual Reprot 2015. Dick Smith. Elliott, B., Elliott, J. (2017). Financial Accounting and Reporting (18th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Educaitonal Publishers . Eugene Brigham Michael Ehrhardt. (2010). corporate finance (13th ed ed.). Chicago: Mcgrawhill Irwin. Schill, R. B. (2015). Cases in finance (6th ed.). NewYork : McgrawHill educaiton . Tony Boyd . (2016). Dick Smith collapse a case study in electronics retailing. Sydney : Afr.com. Watson, D. a. (2012). Corporate Finance Principles and Practice. (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Publishers . Weiss, J. W. (2014). BUSINESS ETHICS:A Stakeholder and Issues and Management Approach (6th ed.). SanFransisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. Young, D., Sherman, H. D. (2016, July-august). Where Financial Reporting Still Falls Short. Harvard Business Review , pp. 66-84.

The Decision To Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay Example For Students

The Decision To Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay Maria Tidwell World Cultures III Professor Longfellow 26 November 2000 The Decision To Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay On August 6th 1945, the world changed forever. The United States dropped the first Atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The surviving witness Miyoko Watanabe describes her experience: I came out of the front dooran intense yellow, orange and white light overwhelmed me the light was thousands of times brighter than a magnesium flash gunI went inside to hideThere were strange sounds, crashing noises and jolts, and I kept no track of the timeI locked back to see how my mom was. She looked worse then a devilish witch. (47) The heat was intolerable; everywhere Miyoko looked there were wounded and dying people, bleeding from all over their bodies like her mom. Miyoko continues, Those who fled from one or one and a half kilometer from the hypocenter really did have to step over bodies and shake off hands grasping their legs for help. When someone caught hold of their shoes they just had to leave their precious shoes and flee otherwise they wouldnt survive(49). A friend of Miyoko told her that he had to leave his sister to die in the flames to save his life. That day, according to the Japan Times, 140,000 died as a direct result of the bombing. Later the total number of victims claimed in Hiroshima City came to 217,137. There is one question that comes to my mind reading these terrible stories from the victims of Hiroshima; was this necessary? Scholars have discussed the question for more than half a century. However, they all agree that the answer to this question does not make the use of atomic weapons seem less awesome or less awful, but it merely throw different light on it. The main argument defending the decision to drop the bomb is that it was necessary to end the war. Richard B. Frank in his book, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire defends the American decision. Relying on a host of original documentary sources, most notably the Japanese messages that were intercepted and decoded by the American forces, he presents a researched work that attempts to explain what might have happened if the bombs had not been dropped. The reader is left with the unshakable conclusion that the use of the bomb was a necessary evilthat the government of Japan was not ready to surrender, and even after the bombing of Hiroshima, the decision was to fight on. However, the conclusion of his book is that the bombing of Nagasaki (though nowhere near as damaging as the bombing of Hiroshima) persuaded the Japanese cabinet that the bomb was not a one off event, and that they faced certain destruction if they didnt sue for peace. According to Frank, Most American strategists believed that the war with Japan would be a long drown out operation with Japans fanatical resistance extracting mounting casualties the closer the American forces drew to the Home Islands (21). To understand this position, it is necessary to take a closer look at the American experience with the Japanese, during the war. The Japanese were known by their culture of no surrender; they would rather die than surrender. Particularly, in the Japanese military forces this tradition was prominent. Frank continues with a terrible example of this, The first intimations that the Japanese would literally choose death over surrenderand not merely an elite warrior caste but the rank and filecame in August 1942 at Guadalcanal. Two small Imperial Navy island garrisons fought to virtual extinction. Major general Alexander Archer Vandegrift, the Marine commander wrote: I have never heard or read of this kind of fighting. These people refuse to surrender. The wounded wait until men come up to examine themand blow themselves and the other fellow to pieces with a hand grenade(28). Another example, maybe as shocking, happened at the island of Saipan; nearly 30,000 Japanese soldiers fought to the death, only 921 (3 percent) were taken prisoner. On this Island there were 20,000 civilians. .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e , .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .postImageUrl , .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e , .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e:hover , .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e:visited , .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e:active { border:0!important; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e:active , .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u11afbcc6b9445b1fd4e969a0c6cf4d4e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Support of Art by the Government Essay Only 10,258 surrendered; the rest chose death. In a carnival of death that shocked even battle-hardened Marines, whole families waded into the sea to drown together or huddled .